Perception of residents in relation to arborization in the municipality of Ibateguara, Alagoas, Brazil Percepção dos moradores em relação a arborização do município Ibateguara, Alagoas, Brasil

The improvement of quality of life in urban environments can occur through afforestation, which contributes to air purification, improvement of the city's climate by retaining soil and air moisture, by generating shadow, preventing solar rays from affecting directly on people. The aim of this research was to evaluate the positive and negative environmental impacts of urban arborization through the report of residents of the municipality of Ibateguara/AL, Brazil. Thus, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied with fifteen questions about Arborization, Totaling 50 completed questionnaires. Through the results obtained, it was possible to observe that the residents, have empirical knowledge on the subject, where arborization is associated only with trees and shade, yet do not possess adequate knowledge about all the benefits of afforestation For its maintenance. These data reinforce the need for planning the afforestation of the municipality, with the implementation of an environmental education project, seeking to raise awareness of the population of its importance.


INTRODUÇÃO
Since the beginning of its existence, man has been provoking drastic changes in the environment, both negative and positive (MALAVASI, 1994). The same author points out that, from the moment the urban clusters began to emerge, the human being intensified this process in such a way that today has escaped control, and so most regions are environmentally modified. Thus, man has no access to all the benefits brought by afforestation, and with this his quality of life is compromised (SANCHOTENE, 2000). Based on this assumption, it is evident that urban afforestation deserves more attention due to the benefits and even the problems they present due to the presence of the tree in the context of the city (PANDANOV; FREITAS, 2013).
The trees, due to their natural characteristics, provide many advantages to the man who lives in the city, in several respects: psychological well-being to man; Best aesthetic effect; Shadow for pedestrians and vehicles; Protect and direct the wind; Damping sound, softening noise pollution; Reduce the impact of rainwater and its superficial runoff help to decrease the temperature, as they absorb the sun's rays and refresh the environment by the large amount of water transpired by the leaves, as well as improve the air quality and preserve the Wildlife (PIVETTA; SILVA FILHO, 2002).
For Graziano et al. (1988) Urban vegetation plays important roles in cities, improves the urban environment through the ability to produce shade, filters noises, optimizes air quality, eases temperature, promoting welfare to those who Can take advantage of these locations. The same author affirms, that from the aesthetic point of view also contributes with colors, shapes and textures and the psychological aspect, that man feels satisfaction when he is in contact with the vegetation and the environment that it creates.
Thus, if it is not idealized and planned correctly, with the necessary care, urban afforestation can become a problem rather than solve it, being done wrongly can occur serious problems for both the population and the Spaces where they were deployed (MILANO and DALCIN, 2000). In this sense, if the trees are planted in inadequate places can disrupt the electrical networks, sewers, walls, sidewalks, gutters and lighting poles, besides the branches and fruits that may fall on the pedestrians, causing possible accidents (CEMIG, 2011).

Página | 1479
In view of all points of withdrawal, this research aimed to evaluate the positive and negative environmental impacts of streets with and without arborization, through the report of residents of the municipality of Ibateguara-AL.

Characterization of the study area
According questions about afforestation, demographic data were also collected, as in relation to gender, age and time of dwelling.
To obtain the results, we used the pattern of counting and application of percentage, and the results presented in the form of graphs analyzed through the Excel Program (2010).

RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES
The

Página | 1481
72% were female. About residency, 95% is home with more than 10 years of housing ( Figure 2).  To those who contributed to the arborization, when asked about who was responsible for planting, but 50% answered that it was the current resident ( Figure 3).
They spoke of the benefits they made to themselves and the environment, when they decided to plant a tree on the sidewalk. It is important to report that urban afforestation brings many benefits to the population, highlighting, among them, the aesthetics

Página | 1482
One question to be raised is that more than 90% of the total respondent, attribute the maintenance of the afforestation to the residents themselves, and who do not know any type of service offered by the world that collects branches, wood artifacts in general and debris, is Collected with the normal litter of the residences. According to Silva (2008), a large part of the municipalities do not have projects or planting trees or maintenance, often planting and maintenance itself, such as pruning, are carried out by residents.
Regarding the questioning about the advantages and disadvantages of afforestation, they reported that the greatest benefits provided by the same is the shade and the reduction of temperature (Figure 4), as the disadvantages one of the reasons emphasized by all, were the Cracks in the sidewalks and roots that damage the houses ( Figure 5).  Therefore, in order to not occur problems with trees planted on public roads, it is necessary to know the characteristics and behaviors that are distinct from them, among other care (CPFL, 2008).

CONCLUSION
Because of what has been mentioned, environmental education must be done in urban centers and in their interiors, seeking to raise awareness of the population, so that in the future we can have a sustainable city. Urban afforestation is a necessity of cities, not only by aesthetic issues, along with this benefit, it is necessary to think about the